The Benefits of Organic Mulch for Trees in the South Florida Urban Environment

Urban trees such as those present within south Florida are often stressed by their environment. Limited root space, poor soil, and lack of nutrients are common issues. While soil/foliar testing, root zone excavation, and fertility programs are encouraged, there are simpler ways to improve overall tree health. One of the most cost-efficient and effective ways to achieve this is mulching.

Mulch is simply defined as a substance which covers soil. Mulch comes in organic (wood chips, pine straw, leaves) and inorganic forms (rubber, landscape fabric, rocks). While both forms of mulch may help to retain soil moisture, reduce weed competition, and reduce soil temperatures, organic forms of mulch have greater benefits.

The most overlooked benefit of organic mulch in the urban landscape is its ability to improve the soil it is applied to. When mulch is applied to a typical sandy South Florida soil, for example, its immediate benefits are reducing erosion, dust, and water runoff. The long-term benefits are surprisingly far-reaching. When mulch breaks down, it adds organic matter to the soil. Over time, this simple amendment can increase soil fertility, water-holding capacity, reduce bulk density, and increase beneficial microbes. Basically, this helps improve the overall quality of the soil and provides a natural buffer to sudden changes that would otherwise impact tree health.

When assessing overall tree health, soil is of upmost importance. When the soil is healthy, overall tree health is greater, and the ability of the tree to ward off pests and diseases may increase. Mulch is an accessible, affordable, and relatively easy way to contribute to long-term soil health.

In the landscape, weeds and turf grass often compete with a tree’s critical root zone for water, nutrients, space, and light. Sod also has different fertility and water requirements than most canopy trees and palms.  For these reasons, it is recommended that tree owners remove sod underneath the dripline of the tree prior to mulch application. Removing sod will also reduce excess fertilizer and water use. Organic mulch may then be applied to a depth of 2-3 inches. Take care not to bury the tree trunk or major buttress roots (this often leads to rot) and keeping the mulch at least 6-12” away from the trunk is also recommended. Depending on the specific type of mulch used and site conditions, older mulch may be raked and replaced seasonally to increase aeration. These simple adjustments can reduce maintenance and costs for the tree owner and contribute to the overall health of our urban forest. 

For additional information about the tree benefits of mulch and organic matter please click here SL273/MG454: Soils and Fertilizers for Master Gardeners: Soil Organic Matter and Organic Amendments (ufl.edu).  (Guest Post by Kirstie McCullough, ISA Certified Arborist) 

                                                How to Properly Apply Mulch

 

Photo Credit: Https://greentreedoctor.com  

The Future of Street Lighting and Trees

Trees and light poles/fixtures are commonplace along most streets in urban environments. While they both provide ample benefits related to quality of life and security, trees are highly regarded for their environmental attributes. However, it is not unusual for the positioning of tree canopies to conflict with safety and required on-street/pedestrian level lighting.
Older style light poles require significant maintenance to replace bulbs, which are often energy inefficient, and keep them clear from existing tree canopy. Efforts are currently underway to retrofit existing light poles with LED’s, incorporating smaller acorn light fixtures and pedestrian up-lighting into tree pits to avoid canopy conflicts. With technological advancement, research is also ongoing to potentially turn trees into light sources using bioluminescent (production of light by a living organism) genes.
How amazing would it be to have a tree lined street lit up at night using only the trees themselves! Bioluminescent animals, ferns and insects already exist in nature. According to a Fast Company Article, researchers are trying to isolate the gene that makes microalgae glow for the purpose of genetically engineering trees into natural streetlights. If successful, this could have a significant impact on future energy savings as their will be less reliance on electricity, use of traditional up-lights, and light poles along streets.

Can Trees Actually Protect Your Home from Hurricanes?

Trees have many benefits including providing oxygen, habitat for wildlife, shade, cooler temperatures etc.. But did you know that trees also can protect you and your property from storms and hurricanes? Groups of trees properly planted together can provide a wind break, and buffer each other from the effects of high winds. During a hurricane this can mean the difference from an intact home to one that loses its roof and sustains significant wind related damage. Trees can also prevent soil erosion from sudden rain events and floods, as their root systems help stabilize the soil profile. While we continue to recover from the effects of this year's hurricane events, keep in mind all the benefits trees provide. I have included some additional links with further details on how trees can provide protection from storm events below.

http://www.bigblogofgardening.com/how-trees-protect-your-home-by-slowing-wind-speed-soil-erosion-and-water-runoff/
https://davesgarden.com/guides/articles/view/1240

Stormwise South Florida Landscapes

http://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/care/planting/planting-and-establishing-trees.html

Relocating Extremely Large Trees

I recently came across an article emphasizing the importance of large historic trees, and some commendable efforts spent to ensure their survival in the face of development pressure. This is one of the largest trees I've come across to be relocated of this particular species. Redwood trees are known for their incredible height, longevity and historical significance. The one in this article was grown from a seedling donated by the legendary John Muir aka "John of the Mountains" a noted activist and founder of the Sierra Club.

An aerial view of the sequoia in Boise, Idaho, as workers prepared to transport it about two blocks. Heavy machinery had to be used to prune its roots and build a structure so they could move the roughly 100-foot tree, which was planted back in 1912. Rebecca Boone/AP

For the full article text please click here.

The Many Benefits of Trees

The above diagram shows some fantastic numbers concerning tree benefits in one particular environment. Trees have more value than just the aesthetic and quantifying the value typically results in some fantastic discussion points and often can lead to a renewed interest in tree plantings and proper maintenance. Check out the following article excerpt from the Wildlife Habitat Council to learn more...


Last week I read a fascinating article about urban forestry, which argued that strategically reforesting a 1.5-square-mile area in Houston could help reduce ozone pollution in the city. Using weather data and computer models, researchers estimated that a freshly-grown forest could remove as much as 310 tons of ozone from the atmosphere over the course of 30 years.

This got me thinking about the various merits of urban forests. Did you know that even individual trees provide a multitude of benefits to urban areas? Continue to Full Article

Can You Put A Price Tag On A Tree?

Trees offer many different benefits that when combined can really add up. Here is an excerpt from an article written by EarthShare. For the entire article read to the end of the excerpt.
Those who sell timber for paper and other products certainly do, but what about the worth of a living tree? When you add it all up, a tree’s price is incalculable. That didn’t stop Portland Parks & Recreation in Oregon from hanging actual price tags on trees in the community to give people a sense of the benefits they provide. What are those benefits? We picked ten of the most important:

1. Clean Air. Researchers at the Davey Institute found that urban trees and forests are saving an average of one life every year per city because of the particulates that they remove from the air. A study in the Journal of Preventative Medicine found that people experienced more deaths from heart disease and respiratory disease when they lived in areas where trees had disappeared. Trees are often referred to as the “lungs of the planet” because of the oxygen they provide to other living things.
2. Jobs. According to the U.S. Forest Service, recreation visitor spending in National Forests amounted to nearly $11 billion in 2012. All that economic activity sustains about 190,000 full- and part-time jobs. And that’s just in our National Forests!
3. Clean Water. Forests provide natural filtration and storage systems that process nearly two-thirds of the water supply in the United States. When you drink a glass of tap water in a New York City restaurant, you’re drinking water that was filtered largely by the forests of upstate New York. The forests do such a good job that the city only needs to do a minimum of additional filtering.... Continue on to Full Article

The Benefits of Trees

Trees have multiple benefits some of which are apparent and some not as much. The following is an excerpt outlining some of the benefits trees can provide:


The Benefits of Trees - Canopy: Trees produce oxygen, intercept airborne particulates, and reduce smog, enhancing a community’s respiratory health. The urban canopy directly contributes to meeting a city’s regulatory clean air requirements. Access to trees, green spaces, [...]